Electric-wave transmission.



J. H. CUNTZ.

ELCTRIC WAVE TRANSMISSION. APPLIOATION FILED 11211.14, 1905.

Patented May'll, 1912 AT-To n N EY "UNTED S'lAllES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN H. CUNTZ. OF HOBOKEN, NEW JERSEY.

ELECTRIC-V/A VE TRANSMISSION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 14,1912.

Application filed April 14. 1905. Serial No. 255,487.

Jersey, have invented eertaiu new and u ej ful Improvementsl in llleetrie\\'a\e 'Vranamiasion, ot' wlneh the t'ollou'uml 1s a lapeeifcatlon.

his invention relates to means l'or raisA ing' the peru'ieahility otl uiaenetie eures ot circuits for the transnnsaion ot eleetrle Waves or Varying' eurrents, sueh aa dest-ritual in my U. S. Letters lateut. No. Slif'lf. is-

sued Deeemher (i, ltl'lt), and No. Sltihlh issued June Q0. ll'll. lhe Igeneral suhjeet of elet-trie wave ,transmission was amply discussed in thoae patents and so need not he greatly ei'ilareed upon here. lu thoae applieat'ions it waa shown that when elet-t rie Wares are transmitted over lone' ein-uit:` they are attenuated in a manner' .vhieh is indieated hy the turnada cfx, that is, at any distanee.I a', t'roin the origin ot' the Waves, their amplitude will have deel-eased from unity to e-lx, or in that.. prol'mrt'iou; where f, is the hase ol" the Naperian system of logarithms, a: is the distanee, in any eonvenient units ot` lene'tlnand y1, whieh mayhe termed the attenuation eonfwtant, is equal to @29am ,Tiwy/2 La) In this fornnila, C is the eleetrostatie eapaeit'y, R the resistanee, and L the induetanee, of the eireuiti, all per unit length, andi/1 in equal to 2a timel the 'lirerlueney ot the waves. lVhen an eleetrie enrrent is Composed of waves ol dill'erent Vfrequeineies, these component waves will he attenuated in diterent degrees, and the resulting;` eurrent or combined waY vill he not only attenuated but'r distorted. This is notably the ease in telephonie transmission. lVhen the induetance, L, is large compared with the resistance, R, the expression for y) becomes R' ey 2 'L Whichis seen to he indepeinlent ot the 't'requenrzy, so that euri-ents made up otfwaves of different` .'trequeueies will have their oomponents attei'iuated in the iame degree, and the combined wave will not be distorted.

' lt is also eeen that hy iuereasing the inductanee the attenuation can he minimized.

.\t et l'ortli iu thx applieations above referred to. l hare invented a method 't'or in- .rea. iuj the iuduetauee ot' a eireuity without proportionally inereasiugr it resistance and eleetrmtatie eapaeity. This l aeeomplish hy winding; the eonduetor in a helieal t'orm, aud. where deairahle. dispuaiugir it ahout a i eure. l ealeulate the iiuluetaiwe ot the eil'- r-uit hy meaua` ot' the formula where 'L is the iuduetaiu'e iu heul-ies; the turnsI ot the helix per eentiuuter: l the length ot" the portion ol eireuit under eousie ration incentimeters; 'L the lnrunaihility ol` the medium iuvlosed hy the helix, or et' the eore; and the i-iosa-seetiomil area of the eure. 'l`he ii'uportanee of making' the tind|ntanee large hany heen shown in the almve diseusaion, and, toi' a given length ol` wirt-uit. liulay he int-reased by inereasiug `the uumher oll turnal otthehelieal conductor, l y iin-reusing' the eros=seetional area of the eure` or luy iuerea.-.iugl tlupermeability of the eore. 'l`he present applieatiou relates to methodsI l'or aeeomplishint,r the last named result` namely, iuereasing the permeahility ol the core. l

lhe [na-meahility ot' a medium, or p., may he represented hy the ratio will vary at. ditt'eient points of the curve, and will he greatesty for the steep portion between :u and y. nWith a .core of soft iron and with the feeble eurrents used in tele phony, the value of p, will be, say, `from 100 to 200, 'tor the magnetizing 'forces due to my inethod ot' dispoemg the conductors aboutsignaling Currents zii-c thon :infini-posed upon the coie. But by the pi'eSont invention raise the periiiezibiiitiy of the ooic to7 Say, Q00() or 3000, oi' over, by moons of :i continuous magnetizing current. which iuoiiuaod to flow through the niziin Circuit` and the` variable telephoiiic, totogriiphic oi other:

this steady current.

Fig. l shows a iiiiignetiziition curvo ot iron. Fig. 2 shows, iii diagrammatic forni, a complete metallic circuit onl my system, connected to a source ot' cui-ront for unigiietizing the core. Fig. Qa siiows., on an enlarged scatto, ai joint in the core. Fig. 2 shows,- :i i'nodified foiin oit a joint in tho core. Fig. 3 shows, iii d'iugiziniumtiu 'foi-in, zi circuit on my Syst/fin, with ground iotiu'ii.y connected to a source of current toi1 inagiietiziiig the core, Fig. 4 Shows, in, dizigraminatic form, a Circuit on my tuts-toni. with ground return. Connected to zi soinco of current for nizignetizing the, cow., :ind with :i different arrangement :it the o; or; of the tine from that of Fig.

In Fig. l, O it i'opi'isonis the ii ot' tihsciss., :dong which this unignotizing .oi :t .-7 H, zii-e inezisuifih (l) B is ihx :ixis of oi'di unites on which the minos ot Vtho iiuifg'nctio induction, B, :iro hiid ott. The iiui'vo m 1/ is zi oiinifmteiistii: magnetization oui-vo toi' iron. 'In the pziity ot tho Curve hetou' m. ooi' responding to tow vaines ot iii, the angie which it nitihey with the axiS H in sumti, and changes in H produce only ruioi'toiuit'o changes-iu E, oi'. in other .i'oido1 tho pei'n inezihility, u? which the ratio' is iiiodoi'ate. tu the portion ot; tho om' between if: und i," thc- ;iug'te which it ii'nii .7 W.th O U is hii'ggo und inutil afhangen in ii causo colui :ii-:itivviy iioiit chungo# iii ii. and tho pei'inozihititj,f hoi'oiuon high. ifm' i gooit quality of iion`v thi: minori ot' ifi' #ottenuta-oudingto this. stoop piii't of the www uw, mit'. 'fi-nin 0.5 to 1U .qiihi-ts por wntinietoi'. Bt y'oiii't `y/, tho 'ii-on :ippi'oin'hiw its, saiiiittion point and tht". (fui-vo tiziitoini out, 'thov ptiiiin ability ugniii 'hoooiniiig tow.

ii Fig. Q, C is ii Core of iron or othei ning* rieti-f: inzit'oiiiit, with its individual wines oi' strands disrontiiiuous tongitudii'niity :ind breaking joints :it J, 1, d: :.iiid om; :ind .fil Lire the outgoing; und iotui'iiing Conductors oi :i (compiuto inttiittio ifiituit, wouinii hetically, in opposito Stinson., about' the noi-o F iS :i battery, or o't'hi- Sonic@ ot diretti, oni'- i'ont. connected with iho cii'oiiit A! through the reversing .Lnvitoh N; T n. tutti; phone transmitter, jt' :i'tmttoiy and i the pi'A mary winding bt ini induction 'coi'i toi* ino transmittingapparatusg the socoiidiiilga itind- 'own oxid. und they oro dist-.oiitiiuioiifi i'oii" through this iei'eivinf-f instrument i to earth ing, S, of this induction soit. is in t i@ 'main 1.1 mid. nro tho two wiiiiftiiiw oi. :Vi iiitiiifition. coil whish puts the foco-iwi iii main Circuit fil. 3 n honig i, the pit t e dilutive rotation' to ih@ boing; .in tho inuiii circuit and tomi receiver miicuit. .in

in Fifi ,i n joint of; theI com shown. The indivnhizit u'ii'tas are infiiiiatoti. i' @fu'h ottioi. u'hon (tomi-ohio, hy :i thin oi some insiitzi'iing nouipoiiiit oi tH breathing join't at Ji J1, itz finti o3; A is Conductor wound hehiiiitv about the com C, ii this Conductor being of :my coiiveiiiaiiit yvoti. and eithei Singt@ oi iiiiiitii'i'ie; :i t. iit'toi'y oi oi. im sonic@ of direct suru ioiit connected with the Coiii'iiiotioi iii. through tho revu-sing' Switch, hh tino th iinpethini'ie. oi` choke ooit it; the brittany iS :iiso Coiinirrtvii Wi Ai th A ground titi E2., the main circuit is vouiptoted ti'iroiigh titi@ iii'ipi'thiiio oi' Choke ooit, V1, tho giouiid connociion :it E und the mirth. f1 is a hat/- tory, or ottici' source of mii-font., tho tin. .siiiittiufg ond oin the s" :tfeiiig K is tifey; Q is ii Coiidcnsoi'; l is; i'oi'oisiiig switch; und it i: gioiiiit't connection. t. is a gait/nf iioiiieier of other iiistiiiiiient foi: ifoi i on iovoi'tting nits; is a vond-snaar; El :i gi'oiind Connection, istiaciyciii' liou'rf through the ii'iaiii vii'ifuit. being" vei'sed, ii'hoii mii-ohio, with every if oi: :it other timos. und heilig mit otil atto gotha' doszii'nhto, h/.j-.twien Thi,- toieigi" l other. i tit by ineziiis ot tho iiiyi it.. the chiiigo mi tha miitiongiei Q. ming varie/i und this viii-intimi ohm-go coing tiiuifsmitteti through the main. conductor fi to tho coiidiisi-i Q1, thiice :it Titti; ihcgo signi vented 'troni being 5'4 to tho iiitiiiinititQ-it or ti'iteiiiiitmg Siti.

currents. but donot prevent the llow ot' the steady inae'netizingcurrent. 'l`heehargesimf are also prevented t'rom `ning to earth at l 1'"j by the opijiosition ot the battery lf. the two batteries being connected so that they are in parallel as regards the main conductor but opposed to eaeh other in the local circuit V C2. ln order to preserve this relation when the switch is reversed` the battery f is also provided with a reversin} switch which is operated simultaneously with N. The two switches may be connected together mechanically` electrically or magneticallv, or in other ways so that when one is r ersed the other must be reversed also. The con-4 deusers Q and Ql prevent the steady magnctizing current and arth currents t'rom atl'erting the transmitting and receiving instruments: and the impet'laiiee, er choke coils V and V prevent sudden or momentary earth currents and similar natural 'disturbances trom attectingr the line and the termii nal instruments. These impedamre or choke coils may or may not have magnetic cores, as l-'ound most suitable tor a given case. and the number ot turns ot the coils and their resistance will also depend upon circulastances. U is a rheostat: lV is an anuneter; m and mil are switches for short citt-uiting, respectively. ll and \V, or lV alone.

ln Figi'. al, C is a core of fine wires ot' iron or other magnetic material; A is a eonttuetor wound helieally about this core; l" is a battery, or other source ot direct current, connected' with the cont'luetor A through the reversing switch N; FF and E are earth ctmnections. At the. transmitting end ot' the system, f1 is a battery; K a key; and l and S the primary and secondary windings o t' an induction coil, .tor placing the transmitting apparatus in inductive relation lto the main circuit' I is a galvanometer or other receivlng'for recording instrument; and 7) and s are the two windings ot an induction coil which put-S the receiving in strument in 'inductive relation to the main circuit A. A continuous current Vllows through the main conductor A and returns by way of earth, and does not atl'eet the transmitting and the receiving instruments; while. the signaling impulses or alternatine,` currents, are transmitted through the in duet-ion coils, PS and 77s', from the transxnitting to the receiving instruments. 'lhere may be'l'lth trz'uismittiuer and receiving instiriunents'at both ends ot' the lille, and they maybe any suitable telegraph, telephone or other instruments. ln order to determine the proper strength ot' the iiu\j ,fiie,tiziupr cur` rent, and the number ol' turns ot' the coils, it. is'neeessary trst to have a :magnetization curve for the particular kind ot iron or other magnetic n'taterial, that"s used tor .tne core, or a table giving the,permeability l tor ditl'erent values ot H, the magnetizing torce. ["rom the curve or table is t'ound l the value ot' Il eorresponding,r to the permeahility we desire. ll, in gilberts per cenl timeter, is equal to where a is the number ot' turns ot the mag netizing coil per centimeter, and C is the current. in amperes. It we wish to have ll of a certain value and know the number ot' turns ot the magnetizing coil, the current required will be (f: 125Mo) '[f for example, the magnetizing current is sent through the main circuit, as in Figs. 2, 3 and 4, and this circuit is wound so as to have one turn per centimeter, and it is desired to have Il equal to Q, then the current. will equal or, approximately, 1.6 amperes. .\s the turns ol the conducto al'e not close together and as the magnetic circuit is notl completed through pa ramagnetie material. partielllarly where the core is divided into sections, longitudinally, there will he some magnetic leakage, and the value ot" the magnetii/.iug current should be somewhat `greater than the ligure obtained by the above l'ormula. lVhen the values ot lt and ot the current are fixed, the number of turns of the magnetizing coils may be found hy the formula ine' lorcc, Il, which will give the required permeability will vary with the material of the core, but other things being equal, it; is preferable to use the smallest magnctzing current that will give the core adequate permealiility, both on the score oF economy in the use of current, and in order to minimize heating, and any possible leakage and electrolysis resulting therefrom. The reversal above lormula. The value of the magnetizn .posed about a xnagneizanle core, and means of the megneizng cement bei/Ween mes seges and at other times eso aens to prevent he eveopmen; of leaks und elec troyse, I

The conductor or conductors may have any sniable form of erosseectom enculer, jecengnhu or any other shape, and may be single o1- may consist of e number of Wires in mupe.

While the core is pa'efembly composed of thin wires, may, in some eases, use ihicke Wires, or even a solid core,

Tin the gm'es have shown merely conventonal telephone and eegreph instruments et the ends of my lines, but it is to be understood that may use any kind of suitable nsirurnen's and may have both transn'ltting and receiving instrumens et both ends of my line. And in general do not confine myself to the exact constructions shown in the figures.

What. l claim and desire lo secure by Let ters Pa'ent is: l

-n e system of electric weve transmission, the mein oondncor mconucors dis- 'or modifying: the permeaby of seid core by a current owlng through-saldi eenducoz' or conductors.

:2. n a, sysem of electric weve trensmsnent io ew through said conductor or conductors.

3. An elect-re cable having the woking conductor or conductors disposed helicaly about e magnetize'ble more, and means for raising the permeability of the core by e current fowing through said conductor or oonducors.

4. An electric cable having the Working conduce@ or conductors disposed helcelly about e nagneeeble core, with Ineens for causing continuous megnetzng cunen: to

flow through said conductor or conductors.

5. An electric circuit having the mein oondnetor o1" conductors wound about e pemmegneie core so es to constltnte e source of inductence with means for causing continuons magnetzing current to flow through geld conductor or eenductors.

6, A complete metalli@ circuit, having' outgoing :and returning conductors Wound 1n opposite senses about e pe-emegnetlc core, end means for eeusmg contmnous mag]- ductor or conductors. in iesnonj; whereof, have signed my neme to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses, this 13th day @i April, w05.

JOHN H. CNTZ. /Vinesses:

E. MOLDENHAUER, HERMAN F. CUNTZ. 

